tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-78790050652343129892024-03-05T09:52:53.191-08:00Lau GeomicrobiologyUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-79180052619410538792015-05-11T00:16:00.002-07:002015-05-11T00:25:09.011-07:00Concluding Impressions<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Courier New";
panose-1:2 7 3 9 2 2 5 2 4 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:2;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS 明朝";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:fixed;
mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS 明朝";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:fixed;
mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
{mso-style-priority:34;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst
{mso-style-priority:34;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle
{mso-style-priority:34;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast
{mso-style-priority:34;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:.5in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:542257611;
mso-list-type:hybrid;
mso-list-template-ids:-367117242 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
font-family:Symbol;}
@list l0:level2
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:o;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
font-family:"Courier New";}
@list l0:level3
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
font-family:Wingdings;}
@list l0:level4
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
font-family:Symbol;}
@list l0:level5
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:o;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
font-family:"Courier New";}
@list l0:level6
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
font-family:Wingdings;}
@list l0:level7
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
font-family:Symbol;}
@list l0:level8
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:o;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
font-family:"Courier New";}
@list l0:level9
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:;
mso-level-tab-stop:none;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
font-family:Wingdings;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}
-->
</style>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzCsMHKWto8oZA7YDAGMxyi52t2x-UOphBD8jTOk8imQ_duPno7kSEmfelEgdyBwj7aT3xmGxA0oRDXCmuLcC2IVPWYQREHDEhnfO1BXJ4EYqL1l4y0OL33sMRfkQ50mqk34dgl_DpIbv7/s1600/P1040183.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzCsMHKWto8oZA7YDAGMxyi52t2x-UOphBD8jTOk8imQ_duPno7kSEmfelEgdyBwj7aT3xmGxA0oRDXCmuLcC2IVPWYQREHDEhnfO1BXJ4EYqL1l4y0OL33sMRfkQ50mqk34dgl_DpIbv7/s640/P1040183.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The time has come. The elevator is empty, Jason is stowed,
and the lab is slowly being separated into boxes. The screens show a quiet deck
and the wake of the ship as we steam towards Auckland. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The end of a cruise is a bittersweet time – everyone looks
forward to their return home (and to solid ground), but the family gained while
on board is something to be missed. We have created both intellectual and
personal relationships with everyone, whether during van shifts, meal times, or
simple down time. We return to port for one last celebration of time between
shipmates, between new friends and old colleagues, and of the science that
brought us all together. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc6EJp_6bkU3VGBK-F_UNDLg5w6ZHsm-SgeQwQ_RoY-TxBOMHkjmk11hyphenhypheng7OrlMUvMqUzI-YjEsYUvzbtcnPcr-izxhxlRbDp2DfGt3GMrCRQIZwedDk7webV3Zq3G06n94cVHcpSVR84L/s1600/P1040186.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc6EJp_6bkU3VGBK-F_UNDLg5w6ZHsm-SgeQwQ_RoY-TxBOMHkjmk11hyphenhypheng7OrlMUvMqUzI-YjEsYUvzbtcnPcr-izxhxlRbDp2DfGt3GMrCRQIZwedDk7webV3Zq3G06n94cVHcpSVR84L/s400/P1040186.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jason team and science watch the semi-final ping pong match</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Niya dilutes metal samples to create vials for SiO<sub>2</sub>
samples from the fluids gained at each vent. “It was a great learning
experience,” she said. “This was my first cruise, and I didn’t know how things
worked. I loved being in the control van and actually seeing the vents in real
time. I hadn’t appreciated how small the vent sites really were. Jason gives
off this tiny halo of light, and you realize just how much you could be
missing. We learned that on this cruise with the Eccentric Gardens site – it
was on the edge of the map, and no one had ever found it before. It was great
seeing the critters at each vent and learning what they were, writing down
‘galatheids’ and other names I’d never heard of before.” She grinned. </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnKT2-AwrtasmU1INE1d1hn-VAnYKunzi7iGdpxfj1hHuuoNX72ZhqZA_SHOBC-MfCS_3FHnIOYe_Ddf5u_MBl1prgJxvvEB13_Mly8wuu7WhcGvPVBF9X6BwmNcO3mWWMJkrvbDukdDvK/s1600/P1040188.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnKT2-AwrtasmU1INE1d1hn-VAnYKunzi7iGdpxfj1hHuuoNX72ZhqZA_SHOBC-MfCS_3FHnIOYe_Ddf5u_MBl1prgJxvvEB13_Mly8wuu7WhcGvPVBF9X6BwmNcO3mWWMJkrvbDukdDvK/s320/P1040188.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Neya finishing her analysis</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Others had similar opinions. For many it was their first
cruise, and expectations varied across the board. “I didn’t expect to be so
seasick,” Alex jokes, and the rest of the lab laughs. “Nonetheless, it was a
very interesting experience. For example, doing PCR without a PCR box in such
rocky conditions, but still getting good results. It was interesting to see all
the work that goes into piloting Jason, and I’d definitely come back, but it’ll
be good to stand on steady ground again.” </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">When asked, everyone agreed that they would come back in a
heartbeat. It is such a wonderful experience and we all learned so much. It
isn’t until you’re on a research cruise that you realize just how much work
goes into sampling, collecting, and processing. In the end, however, it’s all
worth it. When it comes to the best part of the cruise? That varies: </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Being in the control van and seeing things many
only read about</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Finding the new vent sites</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Getting good samples! </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEOAlPOaVT7kZLJ5xgKsoa-CFKv7Ft8vnrsYTgUYgSpyLn7ZOiqcFqsXLKe8hGaiaCBEclY9rxYYZSrbCC4BclGnoQsyVIdvX5Bp4gNOMaLDbK_TTLDG17G36kF06iW5lpQTmqcC5SF9ZE/s1600/P1040193.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEOAlPOaVT7kZLJ5xgKsoa-CFKv7Ft8vnrsYTgUYgSpyLn7ZOiqcFqsXLKe8hGaiaCBEclY9rxYYZSrbCC4BclGnoQsyVIdvX5Bp4gNOMaLDbK_TTLDG17G36kF06iW5lpQTmqcC5SF9ZE/s320/P1040193.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alex setting up one last qPCR experiment</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Seeing unique structures and finding the
microbial communities that live within them</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>The teamwork, meeting new people, and playing
(and losing) board games in the downtime</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Watching pilots attempt to collect chimneys far
bigger than expected</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The one thing no one agreed upon was the favorite site. From
Toilet Bowl to Mothership to ABE and back, the opinions varied - and rightly
so. Every site we visited had a special significance to someone and provided a
sample that could potentially give science a new insight into hydrothermal
vents and their microbes, chemistry, and communities.
</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It has been an unforgettable experience. Someday we will return
to sample again, but for now this cruise – and this blog – have ended. Thank
you to all science members, pilots, engineers, and ship crew. We couldn’t have
done this without you. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB3KDroc0TSL7x3mYKGXajuEFQU8nUDSLCy5KP9eboAsyPX5DnPlwhq4vpBHqtuDvf8F8iDEES4JKiFlI45Fm2DiaiQ-lYCQNvAJh8PRpuLldr0DrngqCz0JOZFPtjxMBYYJy7ZLhfG6Zc/s1600/the+mothership.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB3KDroc0TSL7x3mYKGXajuEFQU8nUDSLCy5KP9eboAsyPX5DnPlwhq4vpBHqtuDvf8F8iDEES4JKiFlI45Fm2DiaiQ-lYCQNvAJh8PRpuLldr0DrngqCz0JOZFPtjxMBYYJy7ZLhfG6Zc/s640/the+mothership.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The "Mothership" flange complex at Tui Malila</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span>Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-9587979688531308862015-05-09T23:00:00.000-07:002015-05-09T23:00:24.465-07:00Tubeworms seen at MarinerTowards the end of our dive at Mariner, we spotted some tubeworms. The most obvious invertebrates in the Lau Basin are snails (<i>Ifremeria </i>and <i>Alvinichoncha</i>) and mussels, shrimp and crabs. So seeing tubeworms is quite unusual. We did see some in our research cruise to this area in 2006, but never at Mariner. A very healthy community was spotted this time on a huge hydrothermal pillar near our "toilet bowl" sampling area. Crabs were happily munching away on a tube or 2 about 2 cm (200mm, ~ 1 inch) long. There were thick communities of this tiny little tubeworm. They appear to be <i>Arcovestia ivanovi,</i> found in the Lau and Manus hydrothermal basin areas. <br />
<br />
Tubeworms have an interesting lifestyle. The have no mouth or digestive system like other worms. They are essentially a sack (trophosome) of bacteria or endosymbionts, and a plume (the red structure) that captures hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and oxygen. These gases are transported from the plume to the trophosome, where they are food (energy and carbon sources) for the bacteria. The chemolithoautotrophic bacteria oxidize the sulfide, and use the energy in that redox reaction to fix carbon dioxide into organic carbon. The tubeworm is then sustained by the endosymbionts organic carbon. Sulfide levels are quite low at Mariner relative to other deep-sea vent sites where tubeworms thrive, so it is indeed curious that we found them here. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCmAk2DhC2XaKeoZABoBTzFUNcAlnORhgLv2L9lx5T3rNf7PYCaRqspPtt_gccMlqbfnvw-3uLJKR5_p1EPoV2BN7zgWKqLuYEjQxQKe4Qg76WhZzFyk0Hg9x1QzxEaLcQOcscZz-7pdhG/s1600/SubSea1.20150508_163408.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCmAk2DhC2XaKeoZABoBTzFUNcAlnORhgLv2L9lx5T3rNf7PYCaRqspPtt_gccMlqbfnvw-3uLJKR5_p1EPoV2BN7zgWKqLuYEjQxQKe4Qg76WhZzFyk0Hg9x1QzxEaLcQOcscZz-7pdhG/s640/SubSea1.20150508_163408.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9c2Pho8x9MYtxmVCIRKqNDXak8C0MtIiniMr28W5C9kIWdS6DaPwaa6zPZAyymM0AfFgYObmYFo5fxosAURcHow82szXbwotBbIB0hFCQSDiC1YEW2IHjsR2c7sQ6YlWARS4jn9u2DWAK/s1600/SubSea1.20150508_163008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9c2Pho8x9MYtxmVCIRKqNDXak8C0MtIiniMr28W5C9kIWdS6DaPwaa6zPZAyymM0AfFgYObmYFo5fxosAURcHow82szXbwotBbIB0hFCQSDiC1YEW2IHjsR2c7sQ6YlWARS4jn9u2DWAK/s640/SubSea1.20150508_163008.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Notice the crabs eating the tubes</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju_eARlM27CPLXD4FZSaXdJ6iyoKiERjYOOBpTq4hyI5avbpGhzqol6ELzNsthn9hkfWGRvwn-BgGEjZNMKeBZZMuhmJg5pAo2iEKImNnUt2JcitgrvTqEFVFBCiBKlyEl3pOHwl4dLKmu/s1600/IMG_3530.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju_eARlM27CPLXD4FZSaXdJ6iyoKiERjYOOBpTq4hyI5avbpGhzqol6ELzNsthn9hkfWGRvwn-BgGEjZNMKeBZZMuhmJg5pAo2iEKImNnUt2JcitgrvTqEFVFBCiBKlyEl3pOHwl4dLKmu/s640/IMG_3530.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3QPGYJU5aSR_rDgwhbYB_8oo9YzD56VcYlaQ3t8gP4TkiLP2z-4l3F-5qGYebCu8YAkIKwGp-gLFhYY4UAgPum66iukNgeMPI9N8kmamzng8-sbGPQyeN4urxyB2ylsC9F5btnmUv-d2p/s1600/IMG_3554.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3QPGYJU5aSR_rDgwhbYB_8oo9YzD56VcYlaQ3t8gP4TkiLP2z-4l3F-5qGYebCu8YAkIKwGp-gLFhYY4UAgPum66iukNgeMPI9N8kmamzng8-sbGPQyeN4urxyB2ylsC9F5btnmUv-d2p/s640/IMG_3554.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-15765516079613169672015-05-09T12:19:00.000-07:002015-05-09T15:31:12.170-07:00SinD Lopper<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7vjA76eOrVN2oSUk4-j8TF5NCS45OeFVEyGTe7wCoWrZyS4s0ql4QsXdQdDRtRxG4O6TqTFhHwsZravd6M7HccyRY7DOJLuX6Y82URqycrR5EE8qm9oevoUB4nsawXo_poyktHa6s-alf/s1600/sdl.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7vjA76eOrVN2oSUk4-j8TF5NCS45OeFVEyGTe7wCoWrZyS4s0ql4QsXdQdDRtRxG4O6TqTFhHwsZravd6M7HccyRY7DOJLuX6Y82URqycrR5EE8qm9oevoUB4nsawXo_poyktHa6s-alf/s200/sdl.png" width="164" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
We dive down with a bright yellow light</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Chief Sci says when you gonna sample it right</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Oh Anna dear we're not decision-making ones</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
And microbes, they want to have fun</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Oh microbes just want to have fun</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Jimmy sits in the middle of the row</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
He yells out we're gonna do this thing right</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Oh Jimmy dear you know you're Jason pilot one</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
But microbes, they want to have fun</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Oh microbes just want to have </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
That's all they really want</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Some fun</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
When the science is all done</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Microbes - they want to have fun </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Oh microbes just want to have fun</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Some say all you need is CTD</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
But we say you need more creativity</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
We want to be the ones to bring them up in the sun</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Oh microbes they want to have fun</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Oh microbes just want to have</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
That's all they really want</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Some fun</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
When the science is all done</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Microbes - they want to have fun</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Oh microbes just want to have fun, </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
They want to have fun,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
They want to have fun....</div>
<br />
Science isn't all technobabble and pipetting. Sometimes we have to get creative in our sampling methods, and at sea, that's where engineers come in. See our post on its origins from a previous cruise here<a href="https://www.blogger.com/:%20http://tinyurl.com/FST3000">: http://tinyurl.com/FST3000</a>. After Anna-Louise challenged our scientists to come up with something that, unlike the strong arms of Jason, wouldn't crush fragile chimney and beehive structures, creativity came to life.<br />
<br />
We began with the FST3000, whose tin bottom was tragically too weak to cut through the chimneys all the way. After some experimenting, Jimmy came up with a new contraption - the SinD Lopper. Made out of a coffee can with the bottom removed, the SinD Lopper acts as a guillotine, sending a metal bottom slicing across the chimney and beehives to remove them from their bases. Not only is this less forceful than Jason's grip, the reduced surface area allows the chimney structures to stay more or less intact for transfer to Jason's deck. It is still undergoing beta testing, but SinD Lopper is so far doing better than we could have imagined, and we look forward to exploring future realms of the deep with the new invention!<br />
<i>Contributed by Morgan Haldeman </i><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQkJkK27Qyuc-0Et999b-SW-9ZM9yab2znScdYUz0_fqV52rMC47GfMwrIcd-M6yhJoyWWh7rDkHwKb2JtmKB1iNAmBiAxk0CoqwNrzUo63EsXIZqhun9ItqGLrScbfgPmmvtCvVnitOYk/s1600/SubSea1.20150509_051929.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQkJkK27Qyuc-0Et999b-SW-9ZM9yab2znScdYUz0_fqV52rMC47GfMwrIcd-M6yhJoyWWh7rDkHwKb2JtmKB1iNAmBiAxk0CoqwNrzUo63EsXIZqhun9ItqGLrScbfgPmmvtCvVnitOYk/s400/SubSea1.20150509_051929.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhztq2VsWs-4p7GZJ3m2YpqQhFLsm1nOxm4vIU4KE9Uyvgv43khYO8wxPGhTmtILyEDIjF64AHpV7z35t5QG0Qq-NpPZ6UkRlazbla2OHTbmejSVdUiwUAo9MUUaDaVAna7IsUj9rkvzh7z/s1600/SubSea2.20150508_030610.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhztq2VsWs-4p7GZJ3m2YpqQhFLsm1nOxm4vIU4KE9Uyvgv43khYO8wxPGhTmtILyEDIjF64AHpV7z35t5QG0Qq-NpPZ6UkRlazbla2OHTbmejSVdUiwUAo9MUUaDaVAna7IsUj9rkvzh7z/s400/SubSea2.20150508_030610.jpg" width="400" /></a></i></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF8GZMt6zlkQ4CVynO1v_024JWt8U33W7XKh1aEYKywF_GL5e67m6icnk3XycUgIxV8nbE9Uk-HCscm-NkX7Zu9VLKB5fORZ4FGE4Gy0vxNi_wSYSqD1tyZ6KUTtfdOEQgo9u_23B1yc-U/s1600/SubSea1.20150509_052146.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF8GZMt6zlkQ4CVynO1v_024JWt8U33W7XKh1aEYKywF_GL5e67m6icnk3XycUgIxV8nbE9Uk-HCscm-NkX7Zu9VLKB5fORZ4FGE4Gy0vxNi_wSYSqD1tyZ6KUTtfdOEQgo9u_23B1yc-U/s400/SubSea1.20150509_052146.jpg" width="400" /></a></i></div>
<br />
<br />Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-43875152985872099972015-05-08T03:03:00.000-07:002015-05-08T03:03:11.605-07:00Back in the water!<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Arial;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Times;
panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-font-charset:78;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
margin-left:0in;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
p
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Times;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">We're back at Mariner, at
>1900 m as of noon today! Yesterday, with the the weather situation,
Stephane L'Haridon made use of the time to run a different experiment... he
explains below...</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Ocean covered 70 % of the
Earth's surface, and the microbial diversity of the oceans is still not well
understood. The number of microbes in the sea has been estimated
around 10<sup>29</sup> cells, the number of microbial species is still under
debate but estimates suggest the presence of at least 10<sup>6</sup> different
microbial species in the ocean. Finding out who these species were, was greatly
aided by the technical revolution that started in the 1980s in the field of
molecular biology. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Microbiologists were able to
identify microorganisms without first needing to cultivate them based on the
sequence of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene. Recently, a new
generation of DNA sequencers have been developed that allows us to sequence
full genomes of uncultured microbes and has led to the development of
“Omics-based” approaches to microbiology. Most of the organisms detected by
this approach have never been described, even after 120 years of trying to get
them to grow. These microbes and are the so called “uncultivable” species; less
than half of the known phyla of microorganisms have a cultured representative,
and more than 99% of all microbes remain “uncultivable”. It is these microbes
that we are trying to grow from samples collected on this expedition.</span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeskqku5w3qWT2s3PiRoepliGJskmzdq7RT4eZrE3TCfFoP_IaUgETtlUO1oU-yKFeoxuKn9IxgxoDtxW9R4RLhEYGcgx_YrNAbAtwkBdCe7uatVUR1wjdF6lX6B-HKJbQl2R0Qfk1wrAd/s1600/IMG_3513.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeskqku5w3qWT2s3PiRoepliGJskmzdq7RT4eZrE3TCfFoP_IaUgETtlUO1oU-yKFeoxuKn9IxgxoDtxW9R4RLhEYGcgx_YrNAbAtwkBdCe7uatVUR1wjdF6lX6B-HKJbQl2R0Qfk1wrAd/s320/IMG_3513.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;">Stephane, Brett, and Bud watch the CTD computer display</span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Mainly two strategies are
employed to isolate pure strains, after a first step of enrichment,
microbiologists isolated colonies by streaking on medium solidified by a
gelling agent or they performed serial dilution in liquid medium until they
obtained a pure culture.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Claude Zobell, who was a
pioneer in the study of marine microbes, developed the marine agar 2116 medium
(Marine Broth Medium) in1941. This nutrient-rich medium has allowed the
isolation of many heterotrophic bacteria belonging principally to a fairly
limited number of genera, including <i>Vibrio</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Oceanospirillum</i>,
<i>Aeromonas</i>, <i>Deleya</i>, <i>Flavobacterium</i>, <i>Alteromonas</i>, and
<i>Marinomonas</i>. Nutrient rich-media at the step of enrichment on liquid or
solid medium favor the growth of faster-growing bacteria, referred to as
“r”-strategists at the expense of slow growing bacteria,”K”-strategists, the
latter represent the relevant microorganisms in the pelagic environment.
Mimicking the natural sea water that microbes thrive in, is a challenge for
microbiologists. The Marine Broth 2216 medium has 170- fold more dissolved
organic carbon than natural sea water which clearly inhibits the growth of oligotrophs
(microbes that live on a very little 'food') which represent the majority of
the microbes in the ocean. Only recently, in 1993, did D. K. Button and
colleagues used the natural sea water with small inocula for isolating marine
bacteria. This concept of natural sea water as medium and low concentration of
cells as inocula was improved in the Giovannoni laboratory at Oregon State
University (USA) two decades later by using high throughtput cultivation (HTC).
The HTC permits the isolation of members of the Sar11 group of microbes, one of
the most dominant groups of microbes in the ocean.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOWbqVOw-1alxR1O_f4AIDsZq5mSU9l9scCO_NOeDnug2e2lYCTihAleqwyUPmNJTJfqo-Q9G6G65DuqIzLJSudgwcOCObw1gI1DS5CZHUSW5yXONrVnY4FDAV2Djq7Jbp_rOHuLCO8q8x/s1600/CTD1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOWbqVOw-1alxR1O_f4AIDsZq5mSU9l9scCO_NOeDnug2e2lYCTihAleqwyUPmNJTJfqo-Q9G6G65DuqIzLJSudgwcOCObw1gI1DS5CZHUSW5yXONrVnY4FDAV2Djq7Jbp_rOHuLCO8q8x/s320/CTD1.png" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">CTD profile showing sensors such as oxygen, depth, temperature</span></span></span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">In the framework of the
European Program, MaCuMBA, coordinated by Dr Lucas Stal, in which we are one of
the 23 partners, we are developing new approaches, new devices to
cultivate the “uncultivable” microbes by applying innovative methods, and the
use of automated high throughput procedures. To isolate new key players
microbes from the Tongan sea water, we deployed a CTD cast to a
depth of 500meters and collected samples from 5, 95, 200, 300 and 500 meters
depth. To perform the HTC method, after sterilizing some of the seawater we
collected, I added nitrogen, phosphate, carbon and vitamin sources at very low
concentrations. I then put the medium into the 96 wells of the microplate, and
added about 2 cells from the samples we collected to each well. It’s a
challenge for microbiologist to try to work under sterile conditions on a
vessel without a PSM (Microbial sterile cabinet)! Only 7 hours after the
recovery of water sampling, 34 microplates containing the cultures were
incubated at room temperature (20°C). </span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitDxD8JBxH8rFV6g16-kVcX_A8zWxdJvmcvkZ3IZ40Vid1Uxu7OGgSkkMEVb-mFb4rqiJSLvzwWH9j1RnwMqHABvNIOgJJDqAKQhh0YofgOv-_CGwntMUFfaRbTtR1T0peqNltE-3asy9v/s1600/IMG_3516.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitDxD8JBxH8rFV6g16-kVcX_A8zWxdJvmcvkZ3IZ40Vid1Uxu7OGgSkkMEVb-mFb4rqiJSLvzwWH9j1RnwMqHABvNIOgJJDqAKQhh0YofgOv-_CGwntMUFfaRbTtR1T0peqNltE-3asy9v/s320/IMG_3516.JPG" width="213" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">My microtiter plates cultures incubating at room temperature</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">After patiently waiting, in two months,
when I am back in France and in my laboratory, I will check to see if anything
grew in these 96 X 34 little wells. From past experience, there will be lots of
novel bacteria happily living in these culture wells!</span><br />
<br />
<i><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Contributed by Stephane L'Haridon </span></i>Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-3179400120349241882015-05-07T01:14:00.000-07:002015-05-07T01:14:58.631-07:00Growing ELSC heat-loving microbes
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Arial;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-134238209 -371195905 63 0 4129279 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:none;
mso-hyphenate:none;
text-autospace:ideograph-other;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-font-kerning:1.5pt;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:HI;}
p.Standard, li.Standard, div.Standard
{mso-style-name:Standard;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:none;
mso-hyphenate:none;
text-autospace:ideograph-other;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-font-kerning:1.5pt;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:HI;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:56.7pt 56.7pt 56.7pt 56.7pt;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style>
<br />
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">In addition
to our geochemical and metagenomic research aims on this expedition, we also
seek to isolate novel microbial species. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To achieve this, we use data from our geochemical
and metagenomic experiments to direct traditional cultivation-dependent
microbiological techniques.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Studying an
isolated microorganism in culture allows us to test a range of physiological conditions
and can help elucidate the microbe's metabolism beyond what one might learn
from genomics alone.</span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Growing and isolating
select microorganisms is very difficult and often proves impossible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Scientists estimate less than 2% of environmental
microbes may be easily isolated and cultured in a laboratory setting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While some bacteria thrive easily –and grow
like “weeds” – on media rich in nutrients, others require atypical growth nutrients.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interspecies microbial relationships that
involve one microbe providing a vital growth factor for another may exist –making
it impossible for one species to grow without the other present.</span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">There are billions
of microbes colonizing hydrothermal deep-sea vent chimneys waiting to be
isolated (see photo below). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Working with the Jason II team,
great care is taken to preserve the integrity of chimneys as they are sampled and brought to the surface for study.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once on board and processed, microbial
biofilms on the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>outer layer of the
chimney are harvested by scraping and used in enrichment and isolation
experiments.</span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvS15zmjEZhF3HqPm2ODI6_z6IrpISiWwjXuWHhM6Xvha2OmaHoKqD-y9nVHDl0JUBfS6LRzz5yMtAmoS46bbvAvGjE2Fjqewh37tH82AvzEdvRlfhZFDVnBAaoAgDPpXNcovrHU5ITptj/s1600/chimneySEM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvS15zmjEZhF3HqPm2ODI6_z6IrpISiWwjXuWHhM6Xvha2OmaHoKqD-y9nVHDl0JUBfS6LRzz5yMtAmoS46bbvAvGjE2Fjqewh37tH82AvzEdvRlfhZFDVnBAaoAgDPpXNcovrHU5ITptj/s1600/chimneySEM.png" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scanning electron micrograph of microbial biofilm on a hydrothermal vent chimeny</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">On this
cruise one group we're targeting is the isolation of a thermoacidophilic deep-sea
hydrothermal vent-dwelling Euryarchaeota (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aciduliprofundum</i>
species). In this case we use an acidic culture media and incubate it at
temperatures between 60 ºC and 90ºC. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
hope these conditions will promote growth of these thermoacidophiles, but if it
does grow, it won't be the only microbe.</span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">enrichment cultures to extinction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is to say – we dilute cultures in series until the dilution is sufficient
to reduce enrichment cultures down to a single species. </span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">If after all
of these steps we're lucky enough to get our new isolate, we still have the
challenge of maintaining it, getting a good stock, and preserving it for future
characterization studies or to share with other labs. In Dr. Reysenbach's lab
at Portland State University we have been lucky to get tricky thermophilic
microbes to grow and thrive. We're a part of the Center for Life in Extreme
Environments and maintain an Extremophile Culture Collection – think of it as a
library (or zoo) of interesting microbes, many of them yet to be fully
characterized!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvWpdXyyxILEKC8XPKGuEreLYj26VxcJDbPFPTPJK83CxZcrszE4NVuFCoRHOCdmOsqSgEBOHwBTXIA5qCrdWz30xNTaqd8HWt6R9ahWuiZXGhX6M-UrvrcAjhopr_v14pY4tLj1ckRPpr/s1600/P1040115.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvWpdXyyxILEKC8XPKGuEreLYj26VxcJDbPFPTPJK83CxZcrszE4NVuFCoRHOCdmOsqSgEBOHwBTXIA5qCrdWz30xNTaqd8HWt6R9ahWuiZXGhX6M-UrvrcAjhopr_v14pY4tLj1ckRPpr/s1600/P1040115.jpg" height="320" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jessica checking some of the cultures with her shrunken head friends</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Contributed by Jessica Hardwicke (undergrad student
at PSU)</span></i></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-24469053869464515702015-05-05T23:34:00.001-07:002015-05-05T23:34:28.168-07:00The Importance of Coffee<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Arial;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:宋体;
mso-font-charset:80;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style>Winds are meant to ease over the next day or so... and hopefully we'll get to dive again. In the meantime we have time for a cup of coffee. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Jeff and Sean's morning Jo'</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Jeff and Sean take their coffee very seriously.
Somewhere packed among the crates of scientific equipment is an espresso
machine. By the time we leave Auckland, ten bags of coffee beans are set to
accompany us. We have also managed to pick up a few New Zealand-themed espresso
cups, rainbow-colored sheep and kiwis. Should the espresso machine break due to
some unforeseen tragedy, a rarely used French press stands ready to fill the
gap.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Sean jokes about how they made sure to calibrate the
thermocouple (a fancy thermometer) on the espresso machine before leaving
Jeff's lab in Woods Hole. Thermocouples are something close to Jeff and Sean's
scientific work as well, as is the handling of hot, pressurized fluids. Besides
the espresso machine, the center-point of their laboratory is a set of isobaric
gas-tight fluid samplers (IGTs) with thermocouples attached to the nozzles .
These highly specialized and custom-built pieces of equipment are able to
collect hydrothermal fluids at the bottom of the ocean and return them, at
seafloor pressure, to the surface. Keeping the fluid pressurized is essential
for measuring dissolved gases that are an important part of the fluid’s
chemistry. However, releasing these fluids without losing the gases and
measuring them accurately enough to be useful is also tricky, and requires an
elaborate, mobile chemical laboratory. It is also important to keep the IGTs
well serviced in order for them to function properly. Like a two-man pit crew, Jeff
and Sean routinely assemble and disassemble the equipment. With IGTs going in
and fluid samples coming out of the water at all times of day, the espresso
machine sure gets a workout. <i>Contributed Guy Evans </i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyb13p3PGJyWfsk-ZKIuUWWuZDFF6QCth0oxUnwc_Tb7iZs-oI9pU5fR-vz6HFk7eeNyUDG9hE1E3M_ffJS76RAaxXrBn-q8sqJchxXGMirEp_jhW24C2ATzeGhfexuYs5hN8Gvldugzxc/s1600/coffee.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyb13p3PGJyWfsk-ZKIuUWWuZDFF6QCth0oxUnwc_Tb7iZs-oI9pU5fR-vz6HFk7eeNyUDG9hE1E3M_ffJS76RAaxXrBn-q8sqJchxXGMirEp_jhW24C2ATzeGhfexuYs5hN8Gvldugzxc/s1600/coffee.png" height="224" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Arial;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:宋体;
mso-font-charset:80;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:1 135135232 16 0 262144 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:11.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Jeff and Sean’s collection of
espresso cups (upper right) and coffee beans (lower left). IGT samplers 5 and 6
ready for servicing (above center) and being serviced (right).</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-61291274630018837512015-05-04T20:30:00.000-07:002015-05-04T21:14:41.457-07:00Geomicrobiology in the Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ)<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Arial;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-134238209 -371195905 63 0 4129279 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:none;
mso-hyphenate:none;
text-autospace:ideograph-other;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-font-kerning:1.5pt;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:HI;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The wind speeds are up, and the swell --big!</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyXpHlJ03SdbcOt3EoJ2AA4eWAO0bzc19oV8RFjJ8RCgxPk1d4JuFV8y1xRyLYNEvBKDFHGMHBnkkuv7YpGd5TuJwYuKC_P6LlJAGCq_0Jj_cxFevx-I67Jg105W2x26gUkHqCJO8sVE2M/s1600/P1040109.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyXpHlJ03SdbcOt3EoJ2AA4eWAO0bzc19oV8RFjJ8RCgxPk1d4JuFV8y1xRyLYNEvBKDFHGMHBnkkuv7YpGd5TuJwYuKC_P6LlJAGCq_0Jj_cxFevx-I67Jg105W2x26gUkHqCJO8sVE2M/s640/P1040109.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Extending SSE from the Lau basin, and part of the "Ring of Fire", we encounter New Zealand. Here, plate tectonic movement, and consequently spreading and fracturing in the Earth's crust, manifests as geothermal springs. Just prior to our research expedition to Lau, several of us visited this geothermal area and sampled some hot springs in collaboration with our colleagues at GNS Science to find and grow a very unusual microbial group; a parasitic/symbiotic group of Archaea called the Nanoarchaeota. </span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz1H9LAKCxiKpA6zv16qaUZZCjxBPgzUde9DRvRYb4rCT54XN6vG7EYoMiHrnzx4N0rZKQGXMsCA5q8B2scobx2s3co-HI4V3Jmw2CqnWiTiR2BtcsO-VBrX7RBYe6Qmv9TNlw0q2ePbE2/s1600/NZzone.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgz1H9LAKCxiKpA6zv16qaUZZCjxBPgzUde9DRvRYb4rCT54XN6vG7EYoMiHrnzx4N0rZKQGXMsCA5q8B2scobx2s3co-HI4V3Jmw2CqnWiTiR2BtcsO-VBrX7RBYe6Qmv9TNlw0q2ePbE2/s1600/NZzone.png" width="305" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.5pt;">Just three hours south of Auckland</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.5pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.5pt;"> within a geothermally
active area known as the Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ)</span> is the town Taupō-nui-a-Tia.
Translated from the Māori language as "The great cloak of Tia", both
the town and lake are named after Tia, the Māori chief who discovered the area. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some hotsprings in the TVZ are a gentle 25</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.5pt;">C with neutral pH and
others boil to the surface, more acidic than battery-acid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Carlo and Karen, on our research expedition, are members of the GNS
Extremophiles laboratory, and are actively studying the geomicrobiology of the New Zealand hot springs. They have helped collect microbiological and
geochemical samples for the “1000 Springs Project”; a comprehensive
bio-inventory of the microbial diversity of New Zealand’s geothermal
ecosystems. To date the Extremophiles laboratory has collected over 42,000
geochemical data points with corresponding microbial community information for
each hot-spring. All this information is publicly available in an impressive
user friendly and educational website: <span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ;"><a href="http://www.1000springs.org.nz/">1000springs.org.nz</a></span>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.5pt;">
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Arial;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-134238209 -371195905 63 0 4129279 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:none;
mso-hyphenate:none;
text-autospace:ideograph-other;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-font-kerning:1.5pt;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:HI;}
p.Standard, li.Standard, div.Standard
{mso-style-name:Standard;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:none;
mso-hyphenate:none;
text-autospace:ideograph-other;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-font-kerning:1.5pt;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:HI;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style>
</span></span><br />
<div class="Standard">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin8Nhupl8rRhTp61iYdYRhXVos6F9JGmptN2slBbtM-4JxIM17c56_wtwv9MfPWc0N6ZbBOI5RpxzFLMxv9CAcdZoOE4WkwLMbih70ilbC9p86hpLRbzocMcBzB92xS5ovU5PojXqZ_LnA/s1600/TaupoBlog_pic1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin8Nhupl8rRhTp61iYdYRhXVos6F9JGmptN2slBbtM-4JxIM17c56_wtwv9MfPWc0N6ZbBOI5RpxzFLMxv9CAcdZoOE4WkwLMbih70ilbC9p86hpLRbzocMcBzB92xS5ovU5PojXqZ_LnA/s1600/TaupoBlog_pic1.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inferno crater</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">During our stay we visited Waimangu, New
Zealand’s youngest geothermal field.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Waimangu
was created in 1886 following the eruption of Mt. Tarawera- An eruption that also
created Lake Rotomohana and flooded the fabled ‘Pink and White terraces’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inferno crater is particularly
impressive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This turquoise feature
oscillates between 35<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span>C
and 80<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">°</span></span>C every 30 days, a fluctuation the resident microbes need to adapt to!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At low temperatures, microbial communities are
dominated by non-spore forming Bacteria while at high temperatures, heat-loving
Archaea dominate. </span><br />
</div>
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Arial;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-134238209 -371195905 63 0 4129279 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman";
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:none;
mso-hyphenate:none;
text-autospace:ideograph-other;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-font-kerning:1.5pt;
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;
mso-bidi-language:HI;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Liberation Serif","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Liberation Serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Arial Unicode MS";}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Waiotapu (Māori for “sacred waters”) is located 52
km north of Taupō in the Okataina Volcanic Centre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This geothermal area is high in concentrations
of sulfur, arsenic and antimony, and produce colorful minerals such as orpiment </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">(As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>) and stibnite (Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two of New Zealand’s most impressive
geothermal hot-springs, the neon-green “Devil's Bath” and bright orange “Champagne
Pool”are in this area. <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT0HRqcXXj7sQHaAGSMF6FXnPFzVUhBf9tdAgFwQGdkBEy0TrNIwK062i0L2hCMTo04bc6pHScVMeQp7G57cHk32IFsdKyE2dwn64Mrjb0PRO71mc73lXunj5LMiQzNgcSI5m_bJmcquOh/s1600/champagnepool.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT0HRqcXXj7sQHaAGSMF6FXnPFzVUhBf9tdAgFwQGdkBEy0TrNIwK062i0L2hCMTo04bc6pHScVMeQp7G57cHk32IFsdKyE2dwn64Mrjb0PRO71mc73lXunj5LMiQzNgcSI5m_bJmcquOh/s320/champagnepool.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Champagne pool</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-QYqLoez5-dvNwoXgQiokiSUR7n-hQx-BGfekKxkCDp_nDozFSznKpDCyqTwHjxCMD3Zut_cXQZxVs2gd7omR2Obl32prX01Pa-hQrMezEO1j4Ar8y4DtGX4aedSrddFV-HrYnXvAZstm/s1600/IMG_20150418_163735.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-QYqLoez5-dvNwoXgQiokiSUR7n-hQx-BGfekKxkCDp_nDozFSznKpDCyqTwHjxCMD3Zut_cXQZxVs2gd7omR2Obl32prX01Pa-hQrMezEO1j4Ar8y4DtGX4aedSrddFV-HrYnXvAZstm/s320/IMG_20150418_163735.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Devils bath"</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <i>Contributions from Guy Evans, Jessica Hardwicke and Carlo Carere</i></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Arial Unicode MS"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-font-kerning: 1.5pt;"> </span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-22351043855908522022015-05-04T00:43:00.000-07:002015-05-04T00:43:39.620-07:00Keeping up Moral<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="line-height: 16px;">The weather forecast has been accurate and the seas are still too rough to launch Jason. As we wait for better weather to arrive, we are keeping busy by processing samples that were collected during our dives to Mariner and ABE vents. Our cultures are growing in the incubators and our gas samples have been measured, but life on board the ship isn't all work.</span><br />
<span style="line-height: 16px;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLLYrsrFFQqSCe_v9_JrrmH14lWXz_FcJGAfdIsJcHmOLjwhN7qVAFuk1daeNcln-cEJLUlxpy5ICBjP_bqt4KyDmxZ0lOQjqUkePDr3cLWZZSSZj7UBvK8DmdHs1n-WQHNkero1IEIWw/s1600/Pong.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLLYrsrFFQqSCe_v9_JrrmH14lWXz_FcJGAfdIsJcHmOLjwhN7qVAFuk1daeNcln-cEJLUlxpy5ICBjP_bqt4KyDmxZ0lOQjqUkePDr3cLWZZSSZj7UBvK8DmdHs1n-WQHNkero1IEIWw/s1600/Pong.jpeg" height="212" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carlo and Nick in training for the big tournament</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="line-height: 16px;"><br /></span>
<span style="line-height: 16px;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9FGYqACzDPZdrWECfxRc8sFrUWTqDBu6iDNdEMUMtmpJyI33TWkKKXZn0SgPGBkYWHepyWQkWnhq5IKfUvFWUe2hoTfWy1LrgjuY2P-FL7pdYQhE8s-vY7Zc-KaBtOCC0O8Ha2RAjLf0/s1600/caption.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9FGYqACzDPZdrWECfxRc8sFrUWTqDBu6iDNdEMUMtmpJyI33TWkKKXZn0SgPGBkYWHepyWQkWnhq5IKfUvFWUe2hoTfWy1LrgjuY2P-FL7pdYQhE8s-vY7Zc-KaBtOCC0O8Ha2RAjLf0/s1600/caption.jpeg" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Caption contest starring Styro Foam trying on a survival suit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="line-height: 16px;">Ping pong has a long and storied history among seagoing scientists and there is no greater honor than winning the expedition ping pong tournament. While ping pong is an official game of the Olympics, playing ping pong on a heaving ship requires the skill and coordination of a gaming master. Our great tournament has begun with tournament underdog John defeating his lab predecessor Gilbert in the first round. Board games are also popular on the cruise, and another pastime is the nightly Settlers of Catan game which has been dominated by Carlo thus far on the cruise. Finally, a “caption this picture” contest has emerged on our common whiteboard where the funniest caption wins the author fame and glory (and more!). All of these activities help keep moral high on the ship while we wait out the weather and hopefully we'll be diving again by the end of the week.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="line-height: 16px;"><i>Contributed by Rick Davis </i></span></div>
Rick Davishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12325884671791457483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-26223880912520299572015-05-03T01:27:00.000-07:002015-05-03T01:27:19.865-07:00The Pressure Effects....<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Today' weather forecast: <i>"Big high pressure (1033 mb) near North Is, NZ to drift slowly to the E with little change in strength during the next 2-3 days. This high may begin to weaken slowly during the middle of... Appears worst conditions may develop during Mon and continue...</i>"</span><br />
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"MS 明朝";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:fixed;
mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS 明朝";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:fixed;
mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Pressure also has a big impact in the deep ocean. The bottom of the ocean is an inhospitable place. It is
dark, cold, and under extreme pressures. Imagine you are swimming in a pool
that is ten feet deep, or just about three meters. You dive to the bottom to
pick up a pool toy or a penny and your ears pop. You feel the pressure on your
body and on your head. Now imagine increasing that pressure over 100 times. With
every ten meters of seawater, add one atmosphere of pressure. Now imagine
traveling to 1000m, or 100x10m. Since we already exist at 1bar of pressure, the
total pressure would be about 101bar.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Jason </i>can dive to depths of 6000 meters. The ROV is
specially reinforced to deal with the extreme pressures at depth so that it
doesn’t implode, or compress explosively. The areas we work in the Lau Basin
are at depths of 1700 to 2600m, but the pressures are no less damaging. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAVw-GHkROVXPbBHnYe0HguTTSr1kW4J86g-pBVIUs6jgwHjKgyaDtsZBLz8yjgdUZGos-iR_Q_jUIugbBdFI8m6OHWuJDl0fszJ-pUPSZtQT3xIHZj4MUa7p-dItreHlNmtAwvvkQ8HIP/s1600/Stacking_cups.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAVw-GHkROVXPbBHnYe0HguTTSr1kW4J86g-pBVIUs6jgwHjKgyaDtsZBLz8yjgdUZGos-iR_Q_jUIugbBdFI8m6OHWuJDl0fszJ-pUPSZtQT3xIHZj4MUa7p-dItreHlNmtAwvvkQ8HIP/s1600/Stacking_cups.jpg" height="424" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Styrofoam cups and heads before their descent to our deep-sea research sites.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">To demonstrate the pressures at depth, we sent down several
Styrofoam heads that Allie, Joy, Francis and Piper illustrated, and cups that middle school teachers attending a science (STEM) workshop at the University of Nevada illustrated. The cups and heads dropped to depths between 1900m and 2400m. Simply dropping to the bottom of
the ocean allowed the pressures of nearly 200bars, or around 2500 pounds per
square inch, to do its work. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The cups, once a full 10oz and over 3 inches tall, shrank
down to around 2 to 3oz and around 2 inches tall. We stuffed wads of paper
inside to allow them to keep their shape, but that did not necessarily ensure
they were perfectly round at the end. Instead, they crumpled as the pressure
increased, crushing them on one side or another depending on which way they
were oriented. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8w1P7ssiJaxddU_zwYik68SfxjUN_ed5s7UxrJVTyRXnmQAS0nA5K4lCbvAzk6L5KrbsB2jBI4d5-1JJD6nx9Kgx_jshJUAie3nt8tIkM0CwrPd1q5yncgZteohyAYtewzsEg-CEBJTp/s1600/Ruler.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8w1P7ssiJaxddU_zwYik68SfxjUN_ed5s7UxrJVTyRXnmQAS0nA5K4lCbvAzk6L5KrbsB2jBI4d5-1JJD6nx9Kgx_jshJUAie3nt8tIkM0CwrPd1q5yncgZteohyAYtewzsEg-CEBJTp/s1600/Ruler.jpg" height="222" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The extreme left scale bar was 1 inch. This illustrates nicely how much the cup shrunk!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Styrofoam is made of foam called polystyrene, which is full
of air pockets. When put under pressure the air is squeezed out, but the foam
retains its shape. This is why Styrofoam makes such a good example of pressure
at depth – it does not warp the material past recognition, but it shrinks to a
size that seems unrealistic to our 1bar atmosphere. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This extreme pressure at deep-sea vents also allows the very hot hydrothermal fluid to remain in a liquid state in most cases, except when the temperature is so high the fluid will boil as we saw in the Mariner blog post. Many of the deep-sea invertebrates; snails, mussels, shrimp, crabs, do not have gas-filled organelles, such as humans or other land-dwellers, which would be compressed under pressure, and so these creatures are not nearly as affected
by pressure as we are. </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWnTdvvPIvI29NoR4AZ4fJ46HECc3tbbPQUwDvvMl4URnBezNovMhEyVTpG90zhQqZO73BiMVHJfITje3nkIx7PfiIJBOqSD92FS2VxA1x-OM5Z597Ky8dUIu0ejBlR5cCRzCLEr6yxx8R/s1600/espresso_head.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWnTdvvPIvI29NoR4AZ4fJ46HECc3tbbPQUwDvvMl4URnBezNovMhEyVTpG90zhQqZO73BiMVHJfITje3nkIx7PfiIJBOqSD92FS2VxA1x-OM5Z597Ky8dUIu0ejBlR5cCRzCLEr6yxx8R/s1600/espresso_head.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">the normal head</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAqpaObzasUa-JW0qpKsSTyzLDxVR8r1lAh65sH1E0GqsfE5LHNLzwP8Rqa75GU83IH1zi2dSagUxsHMk45o7v7_B6OiL-1wDfAeuSU9iKfMgS-NWaboTJe__VOgY7BT82WY6EEoZt33lO/s1600/P1040089.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAqpaObzasUa-JW0qpKsSTyzLDxVR8r1lAh65sH1E0GqsfE5LHNLzwP8Rqa75GU83IH1zi2dSagUxsHMk45o7v7_B6OiL-1wDfAeuSU9iKfMgS-NWaboTJe__VOgY7BT82WY6EEoZt33lO/s1600/P1040089.jpg" height="170" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">the shrunken head</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The bacteria we bring up to our lab are not necessarily
barophiles (piezophiles), or pressure-loving, but they do thrive under those conditions
nonetheless. Even the fluid samples we bring up show evidence of pressure –
there are no bubbles emerging from the vents, but when we remove the fluid from
its pressure-tight sampler (the IGT see "hot water" post), it may erupt with bubbles as the gases escape the
solution. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Much of the deep ocean is as yet unexplored. And how pressure affects life in this deep ocean biosphere will no doubt lead to a new understanding of the extent of life on Earth.</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Contributed Morgan Haldeman, Nick Rhoades and John Kelley. </span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggymQTZ_wdQpDGSKE_ECxAUIoOAeoV4HRtKx4JYE-ItQ-At5nRfG1QnRNuxP0EetS73EtndBqfG_Ww4xks1NbrAOHTrAWax53hDwOfex0QtB5u1TPsxAc2pPkI4FMjAHIYKlzRiVyCliN_/s1600/P1040040.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggymQTZ_wdQpDGSKE_ECxAUIoOAeoV4HRtKx4JYE-ItQ-At5nRfG1QnRNuxP0EetS73EtndBqfG_Ww4xks1NbrAOHTrAWax53hDwOfex0QtB5u1TPsxAc2pPkI4FMjAHIYKlzRiVyCliN_/s1600/P1040040.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-16618349888173899582015-05-01T23:02:00.000-07:002015-05-01T23:53:31.737-07:00Rough Seas Ahead<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Despite the best planning, problems arise while at sea. The ship can have a malfunction, <i>Jason</i> needs to be repaired, scientists forget an important chemical back home in the lab. These are problems that we can usually fix or work around to get the job done and continue with our exploration of the Lau Basin. Unfortunately, one factor that we cannot plan for and have no control over is the weather at sea. Our ship, the R/V <i>Roger Revelle</i> has no problem in rough seas, however the ROV <i>Jason II </i>needs relatively calm seas to be safely launched and recovered. This is because <i>Jason</i> must be craned from the side of the ship and high wind and waves will make the ROV swing on the crane, which is dangerous because <i>Jason</i> weighs over 4000 kg out of the water which is about three times heavier than an average automobile. </span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil3rrfscZjRC9YKStpRzqE_nI-AwdhtWsCAFPIaIvTWDFpMtVkptwt3uE1w0m3Q0JHLsoBaEncOLL51NggYl2ZBhy1bqxJuOsMSuiArNN4qa0vDLfmz04SgrnwtBJsKtLqj67AGAZYGSo/s1600/IMG_3461_1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil3rrfscZjRC9YKStpRzqE_nI-AwdhtWsCAFPIaIvTWDFpMtVkptwt3uE1w0m3Q0JHLsoBaEncOLL51NggYl2ZBhy1bqxJuOsMSuiArNN4qa0vDLfmz04SgrnwtBJsKtLqj67AGAZYGSo/s1600/IMG_3461_1.JPG" height="426" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rough seas prevent Jason from diving</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihbNoc-DuvoHegxG0tQYyiGYGW3KKxFou0PjpcwWYikKFo6L-2ntoYh-ueWW0Y_3d6hfQTmzYWrtxgXSG6iwjX0lLDZhFFwHah-LNjsAFEdmkt162oOf16h0xBR3AXFVFQaWLNNJcen-0/s1600/IMG_3463_1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihbNoc-DuvoHegxG0tQYyiGYGW3KKxFou0PjpcwWYikKFo6L-2ntoYh-ueWW0Y_3d6hfQTmzYWrtxgXSG6iwjX0lLDZhFFwHah-LNjsAFEdmkt162oOf16h0xBR3AXFVFQaWLNNJcen-0/s1600/IMG_3463_1.JPG" height="266" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Weather conditions such as wave height are monitored in the computer lab.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;">We are currently experiencing 20 knot winds and an average wave height of 3.5 meters. The weather forecast calls for more wind in the next couple of days so our dives are likely to be on hold for at least that long. Luckily we have lots of good samples from ABE and Mariner Vent Sites and we are still busy at work measuring the water chemistry and grow microorganisms from these samples. There is always plenty to do when out at sea, even when <i>Jason</i> is sitting on the deck.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>Contributed by Rick Davis </i></span></span></div>
Rick Davishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12325884671791457483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-62953229316290835142015-04-30T23:41:00.000-07:002015-05-01T00:02:00.607-07:00Taming wild microbes<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-NZ;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFk6mF9wR7pKVe5KDNxX0DE1oUZgL8GB-zjyS94-2hjzQofQw_EBejA-G5AuHR71GdeuWyp-9w__YTwmGL8L4TZ85X27_GlORZOrniI9rR0qEyv-xPfpwVVQAsZnrMNzpJiuHT8gmQmGg-/s1600/P5010357.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFk6mF9wR7pKVe5KDNxX0DE1oUZgL8GB-zjyS94-2hjzQofQw_EBejA-G5AuHR71GdeuWyp-9w__YTwmGL8L4TZ85X27_GlORZOrniI9rR0qEyv-xPfpwVVQAsZnrMNzpJiuHT8gmQmGg-/s1600/P5010357.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Karen Houghton checking growth of acidophiles in her culture tubes</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: large;">On the surface of Earth, most biological
communities are fueled by organisms that use light energy to convert inorganic
carbon (CO<sub>2</sub>) into organic compounds (i.e. biomass) in a process
known as photosynthesis. This is what plants do. In deep-sea hydrothermal
environments, there is no sunlight so instead these communities are supported
by chemosynthesis – a process by which microorganisms use chemical energy to
convert CO<sub>2</sub> into biomass. The chemical energy for chemosynthesis
comes in the form of reduced chemical compounds (H<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>,
H<sub>2</sub>S, CH<sub>4</sub>) that are relatively abundant in hydrothermal
fluids. Organisms that perform chemosynthesis are known as
chemolithoautotrophs. Both aerobic microorganisms, which require oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>)
to grow and anaerobic microorganisms, which use alternative electron acceptors
(NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, S<sup>0</sup>, SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup>), are
found in hydrothermal environments.
Within the Lau Basin and other deep-sea vent fields, microbial
communities are heavily influenced by steep chemical, pH and temperature
gradients. For this reason,
microbiologists on board the<i> Revelle</i>
hope to isolate several novel acid-loving (acidophiles), high-temperature
(thermophile) species on this expedition.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQtZiEgYDy_wutfOfT3QO7Nzss006zqIYKoqzGqrgS5zd5_vC6cASVItQunz-IHGk4PFQV7kLhjWWW6c6WfLJRJCbDqQbNuokGtowkxG1dEXlJZe8vsErMVju80PIjl8Jr1f4VkApig6qh/s1600/P5010362.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQtZiEgYDy_wutfOfT3QO7Nzss006zqIYKoqzGqrgS5zd5_vC6cASVItQunz-IHGk4PFQV7kLhjWWW6c6WfLJRJCbDqQbNuokGtowkxG1dEXlJZe8vsErMVju80PIjl8Jr1f4VkApig6qh/s1600/P5010362.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">90 degree Celsius oven filled with enrichment cultures from samples collected at ABE and Mariner </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: large;">The isolation of chemolithoautotrophs is
driven by the principles of growth selection.
In practice, synthetic media is prepared that mimics the conditions in
the deep-sea but only the necessary energy (e.g. reduced inorganic chemical),
carbon (e.g. CO<sub>2</sub>) and electron acceptors (O<sub>2</sub> or NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>,
S<sup>0</sup>, SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup>) required for a specific type of
chemosynthetic metabolism are supplied.
By restricting alternative metabolisms and by exposure to stringent pH
and temperatures, microorganisms with desirable traits out-compete undesirable
species and become enriched. Over time,
with the application of sufficiently selective growth conditions, it is
possible to remove all undesired microorganisms; resulting in a “pure” isolate.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size: large;">In our lab on the <i>Revelle</i>, microbiologists are working hard to isolate high
temperature, acid-loving hydrogen-oxidizers and methane oxidizing species; in
addition to heterotrophic bacteria capable of eating organic compounds (amino
acids, peptides, chitin). In the weeks
to come, both microbial community and metagenomic data will be used to refine
the selective media used in isolations. </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje1Vee35VvrKoDIhD_9_n4v5bRvjTnRTYB3etoozpKx0bnIE9rtHTb47__1xgLsiaHeMc7E4XUdwg2cnuqymFTi7XJhDZvAwXknFsWevLsftSNURJx9k1hqOeHq7WiFs2pP9BqcLGD_Scg/s1600/P1040045.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje1Vee35VvrKoDIhD_9_n4v5bRvjTnRTYB3etoozpKx0bnIE9rtHTb47__1xgLsiaHeMc7E4XUdwg2cnuqymFTi7XJhDZvAwXknFsWevLsftSNURJx9k1hqOeHq7WiFs2pP9BqcLGD_Scg/s1600/P1040045.jpg" height="238" width="320" /></a></div>
</div>
<br />
<i>Contributed by Carlo Carere and Gilbert Flores</i>Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-88444115050542237192015-04-30T02:30:00.000-07:002015-04-30T23:16:41.522-07:00Mariner vent field<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
We have been working at the Mariner vent field for the past 48 hours or so. For some of us this is one of our favorite places on the bottom of the ocean. Because this deep-sea vent field is very close to the island arc volcanoes, the hydrothermal vent fluids are greatly influenced by very acidic fluids released by the magma chamber below the seafloor. These acidic fluids mix with the seawater-derived hydrothermal fluids to create highly acidic hydrothermal fluids that leach metals from the oceanic crust, such copper. Because these fluids are more acidic (~pH 2.5) than the vent fluids to the North (e.g. ABE and previously Kilo Moana) they contain much higher concentrations of metals like copper, zinc and iron. When these fluids form hydrothermal chimneys, they are quite tall spindly structures, venting high temperatures fluids over 360<span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-NZ"> degrees </span></span>C. We also found some fluids that were boiling,which causes phase separation and results in rather unusual fluid chemistry. <br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx-OrMWYWbrD2ziaDbv5Qc9_C8KAe8BSX5p_4BJmE-fJCX9PNbSV_eMSUP7suTq6A5DJXyAsPoLz8vltppmrxWUMSd-yI6Yz5GM65466V6DZVKmgMi44K3H2h5UJNEjEjX8P53oNjqavno/s1600/Mariner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx-OrMWYWbrD2ziaDbv5Qc9_C8KAe8BSX5p_4BJmE-fJCX9PNbSV_eMSUP7suTq6A5DJXyAsPoLz8vltppmrxWUMSd-yI6Yz5GM65466V6DZVKmgMi44K3H2h5UJNEjEjX8P53oNjqavno/s1600/Mariner.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Copper and iron rich hydrothermal chimneys at Mariner</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf59TBsEzcst_hRmDr_x0qhutgTrnp1zD-9hJ9h03MSawexnW4Rnd52RY8qB97wJGFcw3Vx6EHU8QYdQTM8k5qHGyl9JS-iZOqIjqrwfkvbPsBsR1K4BGLw0Agh2ehZXiQ65Lqfb2KeIeg/s1600/boiling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf59TBsEzcst_hRmDr_x0qhutgTrnp1zD-9hJ9h03MSawexnW4Rnd52RY8qB97wJGFcw3Vx6EHU8QYdQTM8k5qHGyl9JS-iZOqIjqrwfkvbPsBsR1K4BGLw0Agh2ehZXiQ65Lqfb2KeIeg/s1600/boiling.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bright white areas at the right, that look a little like white flames are fluids that are being emitted and are boiling. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjonqZRy4e9zUFBFTcJbYpQYbK-osACzwHjXqV6RwTiarS6awWiCg0GJuntyKbnj8H5UsMico11YPMbEQHStfncpyvxuA8cDZDcuBrRJiNJfqlhQkC3WyJw0Mh9zBbWHEOH5CTu3rBDj1Z7/s1600/toiletbowl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjonqZRy4e9zUFBFTcJbYpQYbK-osACzwHjXqV6RwTiarS6awWiCg0GJuntyKbnj8H5UsMico11YPMbEQHStfncpyvxuA8cDZDcuBrRJiNJfqlhQkC3WyJw0Mh9zBbWHEOH5CTu3rBDj1Z7/s1600/toiletbowl.jpg" height="320" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The microbial biofilm on the "Toilet bowl" rock</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia6U1hUbOHujOcz-tphHFHSVUHnU6t8yPherI_JZvMao8FbURTWLt9bSmhOLT5b_TftQWAoCprAAy8IsJWDMZDBjKAfH3OLgDRAFjCZH1sKyfaARQnYPdG25ODV8zzL2djF_N0HIqj-99k/s1600/toiletbowl2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia6U1hUbOHujOcz-tphHFHSVUHnU6t8yPherI_JZvMao8FbURTWLt9bSmhOLT5b_TftQWAoCprAAy8IsJWDMZDBjKAfH3OLgDRAFjCZH1sKyfaARQnYPdG25ODV8zzL2djF_N0HIqj-99k/s1600/toiletbowl2.jpg" height="296" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 'Toilet bowl' structure</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
From a microbial perspective, Mariner is also very interesting. Samples from here, collected in 2005, resulted in the first truly acid and heat-loving ('thermoacidophile') microbe from deep-sea vents. But also the microbial communities associated with these hydrothermal chimneys are dramatically different from those in the North. One area that has yielded DNA sequences of heat-loving microbes never before found at deep-sea vents is where a structure we call the 'toilet bowl' is located. So this vent field has great potential for discovery of new microbes and providing deeper insights into the diversity and extent of life on Earth. <br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW-ticvh6_qgnUF8oOQTEeTZmTsA8vzDKGSgy1kYsgnY3AX8w1IY7hwwR81vgry28E1SPHKU92blFuUGCf9kp3PLtLGdj5__Nj4SxkqgXgFh6ItP9RSfyhlciH6RFW6ScTPoUwoyfv7Dpg/s1600/basketview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW-ticvh6_qgnUF8oOQTEeTZmTsA8vzDKGSgy1kYsgnY3AX8w1IY7hwwR81vgry28E1SPHKU92blFuUGCf9kp3PLtLGdj5__Nj4SxkqgXgFh6ItP9RSfyhlciH6RFW6ScTPoUwoyfv7Dpg/s1600/basketview.jpg" height="360" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Samples are placed in 'bioboxes' on the Jason. Note sample still 'smoking' </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-70205724826490661402015-04-29T02:06:00.000-07:002015-04-29T14:57:45.606-07:00Genomes from Smokers<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;">We’ve got samples! Now comes the really fun part-- discovering new microbes and finding out how </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;">they survive and grow in such extreme environments. We are examining these communities using two different approaches. Many of the microbiologists on board are developing new culturing techniques to get novel Bacteria and Archaea to grow as isolated cultures in a lab. Another approach is to look at the communities using molecular techniques to determine the ecology and biochemical mechanisms of microbes in the environment. One of the most exciting developments in environmental microbiology is the ability to perform genomic analysis of environmental samples, known as metagenomics.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1HcQ5fTXGjGu-LmzU7Y5EHic5zRxBMQ9Iizyg9kulFH45jRXxKpfXOpxPT0qsg0E_Huut4s9rvKzOQXujfmAZgunkx3jQb1RIvmMBl7XlwC7w3KeVIg65lWY4jVNy0VWOWJJm8TdFRN4/s1600/blackSmoker.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1HcQ5fTXGjGu-LmzU7Y5EHic5zRxBMQ9Iizyg9kulFH45jRXxKpfXOpxPT0qsg0E_Huut4s9rvKzOQXujfmAZgunkx3jQb1RIvmMBl7XlwC7w3KeVIg65lWY4jVNy0VWOWJJm8TdFRN4/s1600/blackSmoker.jpg" height="225" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hydrothermal vent chimneys about to be sampled</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Metagenomic analysis of a sample should give us information about who is living at these vents as well as how they survive there, but the process is long and difficult. The method begins with extracting and purifying total DNA from sulfide chimneys. Once we break open the cells, we need to purify the DNA to remove any traces of metals or cell debris which inhibit our future sequencing steps. This purified DNA consists of a mixture of genomes from each microorganism that is living in the sample. We then sequence the fragments using a next-generation sequencer that gives us hundreds of millions of fragments of DNA sequences. We then rebuild the genomes from these small fragments using powerful computer algorithms so we can study them in more detail. Once these genomes are reconstructed, it will </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;">help us understand how the genomes of these microbes differ between the different deep-sea vents sites here in the Lau Basin, and help guide our culturing efforts in new directions to try and get these microbes to grow in a test tube. We’ll follow this post with more information about how we grow microbes on the ship. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>Contributed by Rick Davis </i></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh97N0FleehyielHRcaScy9_f57haMLEf7ya3BiDkqqifqakdtldwrrA5I5DbDY-0QEtdVQI4o3qbRdu9WVCpHlQrN6Hj638RWY68PYO6o5hhHUP5BPbpYk416W-2ofjgqQ4RK4S5515L8/s1600/sulfide.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh97N0FleehyielHRcaScy9_f57haMLEf7ya3BiDkqqifqakdtldwrrA5I5DbDY-0QEtdVQI4o3qbRdu9WVCpHlQrN6Hj638RWY68PYO6o5hhHUP5BPbpYk416W-2ofjgqQ4RK4S5515L8/s1600/sulfide.jpg" height="177" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside view of a hydrothermal sulfide chimney sample from ABE. The yellowish mineral is<br />
chalcopyrite, a copper, sulfide, iron mineral <span class="_Tgc">CuFeS<sub>2</sub></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.7000007629395px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
Rick Davishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12325884671791457483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-76793166759815449612015-04-28T03:42:00.001-07:002015-04-28T03:42:12.133-07:00Hot water!Last night Jason successfully landed at the ABE hydrothermal vent field, at a depth of about 2140m. <i>Jason</i> touched down directly next to a pair of smaller spires, glimmering white with sulfur and microbes. Shimmering water rose from the tops of the chimneys, where shrimp and a particularily feisty crab had made its dwelling. Several other towers loomed out of the black as Jason's lights touched their bases.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLi_-U9nsdTxsnazujZkON7BWjngNxjZb-F0OOP0WLPcS_HfNx_YEV519IF8iW8LmOKOo8XZ0S46n1ldLtFWOGCB3q70FSxLvJP72UCxmPObL0B_p3eVEfbmYMpd5hwnmkAQxlK9mvjQ9V/s1600/SubSea3.20150427_102957.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLi_-U9nsdTxsnazujZkON7BWjngNxjZb-F0OOP0WLPcS_HfNx_YEV519IF8iW8LmOKOo8XZ0S46n1ldLtFWOGCB3q70FSxLvJP72UCxmPObL0B_p3eVEfbmYMpd5hwnmkAQxlK9mvjQ9V/s1600/SubSea3.20150427_102957.jpg" height="360" width="640" /></a></div>
Hydrothermal vents occur primarily in areas where magma is close to the surface such as around tectonic plate boundaries. Seawater sinks into the crust through fractures and pore spaces where it comes close to the magma below and becomes superheated and buoyant. This heated water then moves back through the crust and is expelled as hydrothermal fluid. Vent chimneys are formed when the metals in the superheated fluid precipitate as they are ejected from the subsurface and mix with cold seawater. Initially the minerals are amorphous, and the structures that form are soft and friable, often referred to as "beehives".<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigXFgQAU9XoQZyMi5x__6l5b02qadOLtG3oyPaQnOcs00WdAmYZEGNCDrnW3W4DpKlYYdUxlWsu_ReuPLfOhD3epLBYjxnxvYfxBvrraPQx90zX8p6ENyIpX97BsG-Pnzbu87E3dEf0TUx/s1600/beehive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigXFgQAU9XoQZyMi5x__6l5b02qadOLtG3oyPaQnOcs00WdAmYZEGNCDrnW3W4DpKlYYdUxlWsu_ReuPLfOhD3epLBYjxnxvYfxBvrraPQx90zX8p6ENyIpX97BsG-Pnzbu87E3dEf0TUx/s1600/beehive.jpg" height="225" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Beehive" chimney from 2140 m in the ABE vent fields</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
With time, iron, copper and zinc minerals -pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite, become crystalline and harden, making large structures like we saw today. Heat-loving (thermophiles) microbes colonize these structures and then very quickly other invertebrates appear in places that are not too hot (more soon on the microbes and biology of the vents).<br />
<br />
Today we collected numerous chimney samples to explore the microbes associated with these rocks. We also took temperature measurements and samples of the hydrothermal fluids being emitted from the chimney structures. To do this, we use an Isobaric Gas-Tight (IGT) sampler that is designed specifically to fill slowly and maintain the fluid samples at seafloor pressure (which is more than 200 times atmospheric pressure. Just think what that would do to a styrofoam cup if you took it down that deep! We'll do that experiment, and show you the result in an upcoming post).<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4mcGo7EAOGmw_czko8T0h3X_ACP-tDpIuHjCV_VJ1feK1YYjerkT23ywPqaWncH31JMS7pxCutmOb37_PdXkeqNkvlqzIG_OTjDjkrv2uoNA3NUVc2zEu_OhayzRQFpf-IuQaUD7cUkXR/s1600/IGT2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4mcGo7EAOGmw_czko8T0h3X_ACP-tDpIuHjCV_VJ1feK1YYjerkT23ywPqaWncH31JMS7pxCutmOb37_PdXkeqNkvlqzIG_OTjDjkrv2uoNA3NUVc2zEu_OhayzRQFpf-IuQaUD7cUkXR/s1600/IGT2.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">IGT sampling fluid of about 280 degrees Celsius</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
After 8 IGT samplers-full, several sulfides and more, we are all ready for bed. Tomorrow. we'll give you a glimpse into some of our ABE scientific treasures.<br />
<br />
<i>Contributed by Morgan Haldeman</i>Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-56545862054409307202015-04-26T14:58:00.000-07:002015-04-26T15:19:54.653-07:00Geology of Lau<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Today, another weather day, so we are on hold above ABE. There is a brisk wind, and the swell is building. So here is a bit about the geology of backarc basins. Check the sidebar for more on basins, arcs etc.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUjs8wamtmuYzezhMYHGQoXm8oPi8ZRnfAcJyiEBCvtnv6lhIKA3rqDWYSyxstT0TOUUkrU1fdNfV8X20Qkq0d-FY39DUq4gfgtM8igx_sTg3m8cSoau0yaqLToRqg-IWeTmj4wFeTxQUC/s1600/Geology_presentation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A subduction zone is a place where physics, chemistry, and
geology come alive in the best of ways. It is a place where a dense oceanic
plate, often old and water-rich from its millions of years beneath the waters
of the Pacific or other oceans, sinks beneath another younger or more buoyant
plate. The dense plate is pushed from behind by a spreading center thousands of
miles away, and pulled down by ultra-dense minerals and the sheer pressure of
the depths to which it drops. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidb9PZl919CNOGz_elutmmvm4jlOjfli5FbRWJ23KBdfkGxWxSGj2niT3WRSbDGSuxh2ku3HmtDwbBE5VsSS-oLry1KTqlDJBFXbXWsWodFp4dI6MYImgL_LDsSaziQx8iAnvktMwzVEC3/s1600/basin.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidb9PZl919CNOGz_elutmmvm4jlOjfli5FbRWJ23KBdfkGxWxSGj2niT3WRSbDGSuxh2ku3HmtDwbBE5VsSS-oLry1KTqlDJBFXbXWsWodFp4dI6MYImgL_LDsSaziQx8iAnvktMwzVEC3/s1600/basin.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">As the plate descends, the temperatures and pressures of the
overlying mantle wedge can cause melting of the hydrated crustal slab. This
melting forms magma, rich in incompatible elements such as sodium and
potassium,<span style="color: #c0504d; mso-themecolor: accent2;"> </span>which
rises to the surface and erupts from the volcanic arc. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This arc grants the Lau Basin its geologic title of
‘back-arc basin’ – a descriptive name, meaning exactly as it says (see sidebar for more details). Behind the
arc of subduction zone volcanoes, a center of spreading emerges and creates a
basin. This tends to preferentially occur behind island arc systems, but may
happen under continental crust as well – see the basin and range province in
North America. One must also note that not all subduction zones form basins:
indeed, some areas, like the central Andes, actually undergo compression behind
the arc. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A back arc basin is an extensional province behind a
subduction zone. At first thought it seems implausible to have an area of
extension behind an area of convergent stresses, but consider: as a plate
subducts, it creates a trench between the two plates. Over time, this trench
begins to undergo ‘rollback’, which means it begins to move seaward as the
overlying plate converges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This rollback
motion creates tensional forces, which pull at the mantle material beneath the
overlying plate. These tensional forces meet tensional forces from the other
direction, and thus the crust above begins to pull apart at a spreading center
behind the arc. This is known as a back-arc basin. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Back-arc basins are curious in many ways: biologically,
chemically, and physically. Some, like the Lau Basin, are extremely seismically
active, meaning that earthquakes occur frequently. They tend to spread in an
asymmetric manner compared to mid-ocean ridge spreading centers, meaning that
some areas spread much faster or slower compared to others on the same center. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Each basin is a little different. The Lau Basin was actually
formed from two separate spreading centers that joined together through an
extensional transform zone. Currently, the spreading rate varies based on
whether one is in the north or south of the center. The North is faster, up to
9 cm/year, compared to the 4 cm/year in the South. This rate means that the
Lau Basin is a relatively fast spreading center.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUjs8wamtmuYzezhMYHGQoXm8oPi8ZRnfAcJyiEBCvtnv6lhIKA3rqDWYSyxstT0TOUUkrU1fdNfV8X20Qkq0d-FY39DUq4gfgtM8igx_sTg3m8cSoau0yaqLToRqg-IWeTmj4wFeTxQUC/s1600/Geology_presentation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUjs8wamtmuYzezhMYHGQoXm8oPi8ZRnfAcJyiEBCvtnv6lhIKA3rqDWYSyxstT0TOUUkrU1fdNfV8X20Qkq0d-FY39DUq4gfgtM8igx_sTg3m8cSoau0yaqLToRqg-IWeTmj4wFeTxQUC/s1600/Geology_presentation.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Keep an eye on the blog for further information on the Lau
Basin’s chemistry and biology as the cruise goes on!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><i>Contributed Morgan Haldeman </i></span></span></div>
Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-44244289094763133622015-04-25T21:18:00.000-07:002015-04-29T15:53:59.233-07:00Kilo Moana: A big surprise.<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Jason is in the
water!<br />
Our first dive
began with much excitement of seeing the deep-sea vents at Kilo Moana. Our pre-dive work involved getting our samplers
cleaned and placed on <i>Jason</i>. Since this was a late dive, the
work had to be done in the dark which is not the easiest thing to do.
The microbiologists needed to clean and disinfect their samplers, while
the chemists needed to prepare their gas-tight water samplers (IGTs) for installing onto <i>Jason</i> or the elevator. </div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQSpHcpzNYaPrcJiFMVe1pp23oOhs3apSKPxyxHDgoKKvSVvErsrdLVwj1I_jEQqL9avVd3HBI6ixag0hjgjej_HORE5fqb18fDYUryjTgusFtPuwHaoIuu3BzVlz3vr53ayRlMRe6DVU/s1600/Ops.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQSpHcpzNYaPrcJiFMVe1pp23oOhs3apSKPxyxHDgoKKvSVvErsrdLVwj1I_jEQqL9avVd3HBI6ixag0hjgjej_HORE5fqb18fDYUryjTgusFtPuwHaoIuu3BzVlz3vr53ayRlMRe6DVU/s1600/Ops.jpg" height="288" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Nick, Gilbert, and Karen prep Jason for the first dive with help from Scott (left). Gilbert washes out a biobox (right)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaiJbWT4U9M2yvPYj8-l-vzj3Bz_HfUl8I_v_Fpc20QXi5wujKDoS-svqBZt3uCPbzCQn4uJHIUXO8RMvv_WIN0uV2t2QZRpnHZ_QG70XvCeiYShx-fpojGArx_-8M3hsEgUTwIY0GsZw/s1600/PreElevator.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaiJbWT4U9M2yvPYj8-l-vzj3Bz_HfUl8I_v_Fpc20QXi5wujKDoS-svqBZt3uCPbzCQn4uJHIUXO8RMvv_WIN0uV2t2QZRpnHZ_QG70XvCeiYShx-fpojGArx_-8M3hsEgUTwIY0GsZw/s1600/PreElevator.jpg" height="210" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">
Jeff, Morgan, Sean, and Vivian get ready to launch the elevator under Brett's supervision.<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfC388EGMciQt49MVOfyJbTAAqIEcuR5IGWzIraNrgYvg4nxDfx9uEBRJpXlhGnqWQVZGOXYrYVl3hbJPs920NT175Xg_0_zll08Poevi5UPgRlLKzXc4-pnYSDYA0dtZXb9WOGUUt_Ro/s1600/Jason.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfC388EGMciQt49MVOfyJbTAAqIEcuR5IGWzIraNrgYvg4nxDfx9uEBRJpXlhGnqWQVZGOXYrYVl3hbJPs920NT175Xg_0_zll08Poevi5UPgRlLKzXc4-pnYSDYA0dtZXb9WOGUUt_Ro/s1600/Jason.jpg" height="235" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jason being launched for the first dive</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
</div>
Routinely, the elevator is
filled with samplers that can then be exchanged with their used
counterparts on <i>Jason</i> during the dive. The elevator can then
be raised to the surface and we can get our samples without needing
to bring <i>Jason</i> to the surface. This allows Jason to continue
working on the sea floor enabling us to work for days without
stopping.<br />
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
Once on the bottom, some 2600m below the ship, we returned to sites we visited in 2005 and 2009, where there had been active deep-sea hydrothermal vents. <br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU-z4e2kxlPi6RBvuuJzz9Jj78a4fTNS1E5LxQbRo0UrTUmj2kK9yCyaWFhIZiY3nsTHWaAFYN40vMwLv85myZBiUF1fhUfzW_BfRZGrWtPhpHuorD0DytpwAvwqU8axcgg0zWmITH43s/s1600/Elevator.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU-z4e2kxlPi6RBvuuJzz9Jj78a4fTNS1E5LxQbRo0UrTUmj2kK9yCyaWFhIZiY3nsTHWaAFYN40vMwLv85myZBiUF1fhUfzW_BfRZGrWtPhpHuorD0DytpwAvwqU8axcgg0zWmITH43s/s1600/Elevator.jpg" height="236" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">Elevator going in the water</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Our first site yielded: extinct sulfide structures, lots of mussels, many dead mussels, occasional crabs (see below)... and as we proceeded in hope for some active deep-sea vents, our hopes diminished. The entire area was no longer active; snuffed out between 2009 and now. There are many possible explanations for this. Most likely the heat source that fueled the hydrothermal vents at Kilo Moana just waned and finally shut off.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhNfAILbF7b6VxJzqvaMD35FjrwXgJw6FnFC3nj3Tr2JSlhWBGMgnwqnxGgfdFwHXBeRqqWZDaWo2xD-kjndP5vJY0QxoO5oRDkOiXch4SpLSKce4dn0nKCZRRVwg3eoRJGiCly1JpGl1W/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhNfAILbF7b6VxJzqvaMD35FjrwXgJw6FnFC3nj3Tr2JSlhWBGMgnwqnxGgfdFwHXBeRqqWZDaWo2xD-kjndP5vJY0QxoO5oRDkOiXch4SpLSKce4dn0nKCZRRVwg3eoRJGiCly1JpGl1W/s1600/3.png" height="220" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Extinct chimney structure</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgipccjNWKa0TNT5XQMB4nIqMwmhrKvay8ikiL3CiOJutOVWHNb16ZI4-ChcxVt1yGbIDIl1hyDkT3rSGxX64o3V_vB_Rs9sBoGzbOC6cln0-k52PkVA0EIiD4rllzgcP3HMRopGN7IYtO7/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgipccjNWKa0TNT5XQMB4nIqMwmhrKvay8ikiL3CiOJutOVWHNb16ZI4-ChcxVt1yGbIDIl1hyDkT3rSGxX64o3V_vB_Rs9sBoGzbOC6cln0-k52PkVA0EIiD4rllzgcP3HMRopGN7IYtO7/s1600/1.png" height="176" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Brisingid asteroid covering a hydrothermal marker</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj64z5zOdOZKKWZiqR9rhiToeCEKxI7KHOSUtiD_NFFwynT-qkhhyphenhyphenavoEsNsuZybthJpY4ZvE_4RzWqrZL3FtyWztO2yJY1TgrcJuvYmPugkvihQZeep_TzhaDcWOct13_VcoPZApDsIknF/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj64z5zOdOZKKWZiqR9rhiToeCEKxI7KHOSUtiD_NFFwynT-qkhhyphenhyphenavoEsNsuZybthJpY4ZvE_4RzWqrZL3FtyWztO2yJY1TgrcJuvYmPugkvihQZeep_TzhaDcWOct13_VcoPZApDsIknF/s1600/2.png" height="178" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hydrothermal mussels and Galatheid crabs still remain on the vent chimneys</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<br />
<br />
<span id="goog_1015382929"></span><br />Rick Davishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12325884671791457483noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-15965355629309801472015-04-24T15:29:00.000-07:002015-04-24T16:04:20.399-07:00We're headed to Kilo Moana<br />
<div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7879005065234312989" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7879005065234312989" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>This morning we arrived on site, -22.180S, -176.601 W; Mariner vent 1900 m below us. There is a storm somewhere to the west of us, and is generating occasional large swells. Tito, the <i>ROV Jason</i> expedition leader, has decided we need to wait till the swell diminishes some, so we decided instead of waiting at Mariner, we will head up North to our northern most site, Kilo Moana. Ultimately we'd need to make this transit at some time, and why not now while we wait for the seas to subside a bit? Kilo Moana is about 240 km away. We'll pass to the west of Tongatapu and hopefully spot an island or two on our way up (as we did this morning). Karen also spotted her first Albatross this morning, which was a special treat for an early morning rise. </div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_fwQW6NELbjtzvNqSmgMulbCDu5R3qAxZ3kyE1sfwvewuQqLUG67fBtectMq2rtJYTS1dQw6XMyd4u47bp-XJE-krivb09pS8ujrfjAb9G8xAwlemhZERMOdy6ZW0yr2yq_3MYRW3oPmy/s1600/isladesite.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_fwQW6NELbjtzvNqSmgMulbCDu5R3qAxZ3kyE1sfwvewuQqLUG67fBtectMq2rtJYTS1dQw6XMyd4u47bp-XJE-krivb09pS8ujrfjAb9G8xAwlemhZERMOdy6ZW0yr2yq_3MYRW3oPmy/s1600/isladesite.jpg" height="243" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Small island welcomed our morning sunrise today</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
This is one of the most seismically active areas in the world, and so new islands form relatively frequently. The most recent was just this January (see http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-16/tonga-volcano-creates-large-new-land-mass/6022094, or google Tongan Volcano). We are very curious to visit our deep-sea vent sites to see if they have changed at all from the last time we were here in 2009. At that time, the hydrothermal fluids at Kilo Moana had changed from when they were first collected in 2005, so what does Kilo Moana have in store for us this year?! We will have some clues after we do our first dive there, hopefully tomorrow. <br />
<br />Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-77295922888690030942015-04-24T01:15:00.000-07:002015-04-24T15:44:40.758-07:00ROV Jason Debrief<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC9meDslpcWWizzFKfTAZ4h-Huf5_wWSq_3eoX_Ex2Ndc9LgYjYRz421G7RRJH2dJJxc-prZc8ui41z-uO0ZhCQnKjc6L5ZEvmK735d9MiZCEv_J1XgeKIkIw_GxxRu3vze83gPKUo_Yg/s1600/P4240343_1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC9meDslpcWWizzFKfTAZ4h-Huf5_wWSq_3eoX_Ex2Ndc9LgYjYRz421G7RRJH2dJJxc-prZc8ui41z-uO0ZhCQnKjc6L5ZEvmK735d9MiZCEv_J1XgeKIkIw_GxxRu3vze83gPKUo_Yg/s1600/P4240343_1.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tito explaining how Medea functions</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Today
the research team spent the afternoon becoming familiar the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) <i>Jason</i>. <i>Jason</i>
</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><i>II</i></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
will be our eyes, ears and hands at the bottom of the ocean while we
explore the Eastern Lau Spreading Center for the next 15 days. This
sophisticated ROV is capable of diving to great depths (over 6000m),
is equipped with multiple high definition cameras, powerful LED
lights, thrusters for </span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">maneuverability</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> and two fully-articulated
robotic arms. As <i>Jason</i> collects samples for analysis we use a device called a sample elevator to bring up samples and re-equip the ROV
with fresh equipment. Using the elevator, we </span><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">maximize</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> our time at
depth and can do more science. <i>Jason</i> is tethered to another vehicle,
Medea, which serves as an intermediary to the ship on the surface.
Because of Medea, the motion of the ocean above won’t bother Jason
while it is busy working.</span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjRSFxwtzjygN9ok7pnIMCxiAcdvZGVbU9JwkVItn9kC9t73irZ0-x-WXu4i2jcUTHxOZceUyQghodc6-UX7ykI33kf8HlWZDFi1KSk4VMs1w03yr7HX2zSddnjch4GIGr5lWhuKmZ7BI/s1600/P4240344_1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjRSFxwtzjygN9ok7pnIMCxiAcdvZGVbU9JwkVItn9kC9t73irZ0-x-WXu4i2jcUTHxOZceUyQghodc6-UX7ykI33kf8HlWZDFi1KSk4VMs1w03yr7HX2zSddnjch4GIGr5lWhuKmZ7BI/s1600/P4240344_1.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tito giving a tour of Jason</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">The <i>Jason</i> team operates inside a double-wide shipping container outfitted with the equipment necessary to control not only Jason, but also Medea and the ship. At all times during a dive there will be a pilot, a navigator, an engineer, a science leader, a data logger and a video recorder on watch. Teamwork is key and so the Jason team spent some time today (thanks Tito and Scotty!) explaining, to the uninitiated, everyone’s responsibilities.</span></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpA99XJDBfx7Fp8VlD_OMhTe6L1raw4bM1j7jv3O1_xTZBpGKU10BrLA7j-ovmidsZWtpiM9AUFQh5MhWNTZuIM4MjpcEch2dFL5XAok-OYi6w2bRDOffWp5_KvgUbSoPQAPCZ47dUbGk/s1600/elevator_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpA99XJDBfx7Fp8VlD_OMhTe6L1raw4bM1j7jv3O1_xTZBpGKU10BrLA7j-ovmidsZWtpiM9AUFQh5MhWNTZuIM4MjpcEch2dFL5XAok-OYi6w2bRDOffWp5_KvgUbSoPQAPCZ47dUbGk/s1600/elevator_1.jpg" height="320" width="212" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Jason elevator brings samples to<br />
the surface so Jason can keep working</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpaPu6nntkqrMOHteRj29mQXNTV_tJOxL2hPhRj9oKKqVCIPYpDhgmQcKgcbVMq9TUBXpn_wD-XhdttEZjGgRD8BO2uZb6Pgt2y9sPdOnX1GoQxOlZ0pTPs7QrxHsAfRfKiLgbgbex9zM/s1600/van_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpaPu6nntkqrMOHteRj29mQXNTV_tJOxL2hPhRj9oKKqVCIPYpDhgmQcKgcbVMq9TUBXpn_wD-XhdttEZjGgRD8BO2uZb6Pgt2y9sPdOnX1GoQxOlZ0pTPs7QrxHsAfRfKiLgbgbex9zM/s1600/van_1.jpg" height="235" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inside the Jason control van</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">With less than 20 hours to go until we reach our first dive site –Mariner- all aboard are getting excited and finalizing preparations for our first dive tomorrow. Stay tuned!</span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Contributed
by</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Carlo
Carere</span></span></i></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="western" lang="en-NZ" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
Rick Davishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12325884671791457483noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-37348894807117961132015-04-23T00:03:00.000-07:002015-04-23T00:03:19.259-07:00Why Lau Basin?
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"MS 明朝";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
mso-font-alt:"Optima ExtraBlack";
mso-font-charset:128;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:fixed;
mso-font-signature:1 134676480 16 0 131072 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Cambria;
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin-top:0in;
margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
margin-left:0in;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
.MsoPapDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
margin-bottom:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhse7bTy-gATFm8xffKryRxz88Hc7HmFdf6n3UZneMkvD7K_REk-U6gk0C62W8QffNLDntignZy6uJF-3mTm4YrXkBmzlIz0B8CbnALzD4tDywqrEgYYjvCoEYRx8Tt5beNQWuoZr7VY8jQ/s1600/ELSC.jpg.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhse7bTy-gATFm8xffKryRxz88Hc7HmFdf6n3UZneMkvD7K_REk-U6gk0C62W8QffNLDntignZy6uJF-3mTm4YrXkBmzlIz0B8CbnALzD4tDywqrEgYYjvCoEYRx8Tt5beNQWuoZr7VY8jQ/s1600/ELSC.jpg.png" height="320" width="265" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Our journey
on this cruise takes us to the middle of the Lau Basin, just west of Tongatapu,
the main island of the Kingdom of Tonga. We are particularly interested in the
240km-long Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR). Here, the crust
splits apart and magma wells up from the mantle, spilling lava onto the
seafloor. This is also an area of unusually high heat flow, where concentrated
geothermal energy powers deep-sea hydrothermal vents.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Seafloor
hydrothermal systems form when geothermal heat interacts with seawater that has
percolated into the seafloor. Water and rocks chemically react at high
temperatures, forming hydrothermal fluids. I like to think of it like making
coffee. Hot water poured into coffee grounds dissolves certain compounds and
forms a new substance. The type and flavor of coffee you get depends on what
type of grounds you use and the ratios of water, heat, and coffee beans.
Similarly, the type and chemistry of hydrothermal fluid depends on the types of
rocks in the seafloor and the ratio of water and heat added in the process. </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It is a
peculiar characteristic of the ELSC that its direction forms a 17-degree angle
with that of the nearby Tonga Subduction Zone. As a consequence, the distance
between the ELSC and the volcanic arc that forms above the subduction zone
decreases from ~100 km in the north to ~50 km in the south. At about ~70 km,
there is a rapid change in the rock composition. Far to the south, at Mariner
vent field, magmatic fluids such as water, carbon dioxide </span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span>(CO<sub>2</sub></span> </span>) and sulfur
dioxide (SO</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><sub>2</sub></span></span></span>) mix directly with the hydrothermal fluids, a sort of super-charge
mixture of high heat and low pH (acid) that extracts additional material from
the rocks. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC7F1vGBs0HCzWmQtoZ-rhyphenhyphencq_d1l448ObIaPUIXwDP-6yTlQUldT-e1V7dojMaRRbonYRGsIIIow6-A943wHAj8Kp7fJlDMIWTHuCiDuK9VyOsnsajRhOfTwAWPKJizkgbJM-7Zdg_ZuF/s1600/ELSC2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC7F1vGBs0HCzWmQtoZ-rhyphenhyphencq_d1l448ObIaPUIXwDP-6yTlQUldT-e1V7dojMaRRbonYRGsIIIow6-A943wHAj8Kp7fJlDMIWTHuCiDuK9VyOsnsajRhOfTwAWPKJizkgbJM-7Zdg_ZuF/s1600/ELSC2.png" height="321" width="640" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">All of these differences
in rock type, temperature, and fluid chemistry provide an excellent natural laboratory for exploring, in depth, the factors that influence the diversity and relationships of microbial communities at actively forming deep-sea hydrothermal deposits. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>Contributed Guy Evans. </i><span style="color: #292929;"><i> </i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
Tinkahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07161231984401842505noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7879005065234312989.post-43617490108803263992015-04-21T18:30:00.000-07:002015-04-21T20:01:21.460-07:00Welcome to Laugeomicro2015!<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCOFunEvTEXgnLduldz9oGXyaj3xcH_B_SgfabGyFXVPz9vBcA1uXJWtSvsLLFm19llyWh2v6_nDRtve5QEjXYBQzTkOjdklGG-CQGFyMqM7ULC7-IZlDXU6y_MtG6ccqUCGQ0wT0ARJg/s1600/Revelle_Lau2015.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCOFunEvTEXgnLduldz9oGXyaj3xcH_B_SgfabGyFXVPz9vBcA1uXJWtSvsLLFm19llyWh2v6_nDRtve5QEjXYBQzTkOjdklGG-CQGFyMqM7ULC7-IZlDXU6y_MtG6ccqUCGQ0wT0ARJg/s1600/Revelle_Lau2015.jpeg" height="134" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">R/V Revelle docked in Auckland</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Today
we set off on our research expedition on the R/V <i>Revelle</i> from
Auckland harbor in New Zealand. We are headed to our deep-sea vent study sites along
the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) <span style="line-height: 100%;">in
the Southwestern Pacific. We will be studying the microbiology and
geochemistry of several of the deep-sea vents sites using the
remotely operated vehicle (ROV) </span><i style="line-height: 100%;">Jason II </i><span style="line-height: 100%;">that is designed,
built, and operated by engineers and scientists from the Deep
Submergence Laboratory at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute,
Woods Hole, USA. Our first site will be the southern most site, the
Mariner vent field, at -22°S, -179.6°W and at a depth of about 1900 m.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwlaKuAesTQjD4wYCJXspXX1xapW7kNCfLZNIMU94Gn7Ao3HTLPIH4mvXCWLa-ZCYw-AQXAbxZQVF6mSzTHYM0qLCypuPnvqbTwuEm9ZI1CjJS90M_xun3f5cPBlfqbMr-2Az3c4C38iw/s1600/Crew_scientist_outside.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwlaKuAesTQjD4wYCJXspXX1xapW7kNCfLZNIMU94Gn7Ao3HTLPIH4mvXCWLa-ZCYw-AQXAbxZQVF6mSzTHYM0qLCypuPnvqbTwuEm9ZI1CjJS90M_xun3f5cPBlfqbMr-2Az3c4C38iw/s1600/Crew_scientist_outside.JPG" height="264" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Science and crew gather on deck as we begin our expedition</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLvdxk1yU5mY7kWZnVko8t-_QNPdlHm2_rpxeslfanD8v8qbFAs5qRBcGglf4bhQRdHhSoBqyC1tp9UGZDhv8JOyY4bBIYSaTFSZlgLrBVZ_jP-7c4rFYkRTi0-_O7HP8PXMdQQu09S_k/s1600/IMG_2669.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLvdxk1yU5mY7kWZnVko8t-_QNPdlHm2_rpxeslfanD8v8qbFAs5qRBcGglf4bhQRdHhSoBqyC1tp9UGZDhv8JOyY4bBIYSaTFSZlgLrBVZ_jP-7c4rFYkRTi0-_O7HP8PXMdQQu09S_k/s1600/IMG_2669.JPG" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Anna-Louise and Jessica saying goodbye to Auckland<br />
<br />
<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgbd8PIikW52seZhGEfHxwFJd6e_XUw_rXJKQUHyQE8jkVFf1xvw6HfpQUATSCruEGBRuvrpTo73mEnJlJsdsAiOgp600cewJ6ZzD0aLvSSHEIBl7_3NCB7bpmicVQ7e-roCVpfK8cQeo/s1600/Aukland_Pano1_cont.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" height="240" src="data:<;base64,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" width="320" /><img alt="" src="data:<;base64,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" /><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgbd8PIikW52seZhGEfHxwFJd6e_XUw_rXJKQUHyQE8jkVFf1xvw6HfpQUATSCruEGBRuvrpTo73mEnJlJsdsAiOgp600cewJ6ZzD0aLvSSHEIBl7_3NCB7bpmicVQ7e-roCVpfK8cQeo/s1600/Aukland_Pano1_cont.jpeg" height="128" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Top clockwise: Morgan avoiding the glare, Jeff, Sean and Morgan setting up lab, Auckland skyline as we leave the harbor</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
We
will update this blog often as the cruise progresses with more
detailed descriptions of our dive sites, the methods we will use to
study them, and our new discoveries. We hope you follow along with us
on our cruise and feel to use the comments section in our blog to
interact with our scientists and ask questions as we go-- we would
love to hear from you!</div>
<br />
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="western" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Rick Davishttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12325884671791457483noreply@blogger.com0